口腔微生物是定植于人体口腔的微生物集合。众多研究证实，口腔微生物与多种口腔感染性疾病及系统性疾病紧密相关。随着“人类微生物组计划”及其他微生物宏基因组学相关项目的开展，人们对口腔微生物群落的认识不断深入。本文基于最新研究进展，就口腔微生物的组成、演替特点、与口腔和全身系统性疾病的关系及与肠道微生物的交互作用进行综述。

The collective of microflora inhabiting human mouth is called oral microbiota. Increasing evidence has proven that oral microbiota is highly associated with not only oral but also systematic diseases. Comprehensive knowledge of oral microbiota has been obtained after the launch of Human Microbiome Project, as well as some other microbial metagenomic projects. This paper reviewed the latest research on composition, succession, and potential impacts of oral microbiota on systemic diseases and health.