快速准确诊断感染性疾病病原体是遏制超级细菌传播和抗生素滥用的重要防线。目前，临床病原菌感染诊断十分依赖于培养手段，导致检测周期长达数日，不但影响了患者的及时诊治，还间接导致抗生素的滥用。拉曼光谱技术是一种无损、高灵敏的分子指纹图谱检测技术，近年来在生物学领域得到广泛应用，其具有的免培养、快速、高特异性、低成本等优点为病原菌感染的诊断提供了新方案。本文阐述了拉曼光谱技术的原理和特点，综述了其在病原菌鉴定和抗菌药物敏感性试验方面的应用进展。

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of infectious pathogens is an important defense line to curb the spread of super bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics. At present, the clinical diagnosis of pathogenic infections relies heavily on culture methods, resulting in a long detection cycle of several days, which not only affects the timely diagnosis and treatment of patients, but also indirectly promotes the abuse of antibiotics. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive and highly sensitive molecular fingerprint detection technology, which has been widely used in biology in recent years. It provides a new scheme for the diagnosis of pathogenic infections because of its advantages of non-culture, rapid, high specificity and low cost. Based on the principles and characteristics of Raman spectroscopy technology, this paper expounds its application progress on the identification of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility test.