本文报道了国内罕见的由长奈瑟菌引起的胸腔感染病例。分离菌株的鉴定分析采用MALDI TOF Vitek MS系统、VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物分析系统和分子测序技术；常规药敏试验采用K-B法和E-Test法，并参照美国临床实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute，CLSI)对脑膜炎奈瑟菌的要求进行折点判读。同时分析长奈瑟菌的生物学特征及感染病例的诊疗过程，从而提高临床微生物人员对罕见病原菌的重视，并为临床诊疗提供实验室依据。

This paper reported the first case of thoracic infection caused by Neisseria elongata in China. MALDI-TOF Vitek MS system, VITEK 2 Compact automatic microbial analysis system and molecular sequencing technology were used to identify and analyze the isolated strains. Drug susceptible test of the isolated strains was performed by K-B method and E-Test method, and the break point interpretation was carried out according to the reference of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for Neisseria meningitidis. The biological characteristics and diagnosis and treatment process of Neisseria elongata were analyzed to improve the attention of microbiological staff to rare pathogens, and to provide experimental evidences for clinical diagnosis and treatment.