This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in Nipah virus animal models, enhancing the understanding of Nipah virus infection pathways, pathogenic mechanisms, and the targeted development and evaluation of vaccines and antibodies. Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus with a high fatality rate and is classified as a Biosafety Level 4 pathogen. Since its first outbreak in Malaysia in 1998, it has continued to cause epidemics in Southeast and South Asia, leading to severe respiratory diseases and encephalitis in humans and animals, with no approved vaccines or therapeutic drugs currently on the market. The World Health Organization has prioritized Nipah virus disease for research and development. This review summarizes the construction and development of Nipah virus infection animal models, with multiple species having been utilized in the development of Nipah virus infection models, such as golden hamsters, ferrets, pigs, African green monkeys, and guinea pigs, which reflect the symptoms and pathological characteristics of Nipah virus infection to varying degrees, as well as the advantages and limitations of the models. The review also discusses the establishment and application of pseudovirus animal infection models and looks forward to the future direction of Nipah virus animal model research.
Progress in animal modeling of Nipah virus infection[J]. Journal of Microbes and Infections. 2024, 19(2): 120-128
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