本文报道1例罕见的由少动鞘氨醇单胞菌引起的小儿败血症合并脑膜炎。该患儿突发高热起病，伴有皮肤散在瘀点。根据血培养的实验室微生物分离和鉴定，确诊为少动鞘氨醇单胞菌引起的败血症；同时根据脑脊液生化常规结果，诊断为合并细菌性脑膜炎。少动鞘氨醇单胞菌引起的小儿败血症合并脑膜炎属罕见病例，且该患儿有类似流行性脑脊髓膜炎的症状，易被误诊为春季小儿流行性脑脊髓膜炎，需引起临床及实验室工作人员的重视。

A rare case of septicemia complicated with meningitis in a child caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis is reported. The patient was admitted for a sudden high fever with petechiae distributed on the skin. Based on the biochemistry test of cerebrospinal fluid and the microbiological culture and identification in laboratory, the diagnosis was conformed to be septicemia complicated with bacterial meningitis. Meningitis in children caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis was rare. Since bacterial meningitis cases share common symptoms with epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, it is important for the clinicians and laboratories to study the etiology carefully during epidemic season.