16S rDNA 扩增及测序技术在细菌的鉴定与分类研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文就16S rDNA 结构、可变区和保守区部分序列或全序列在临床上细菌鉴定和新细菌识别等方面的研究进展进行综述，并对其在临床实验室中的应用进行展望。

Bacterial 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing is a new tool which has been widely used to identify bacterial species and perform taxonomic studies. The application of this technology for identification of uncultivable bacteria, differentiating species with high DNA sequence similarity and discovering novel bacterial genus and species are introduced in this paper. Future perspective of the method in clinical microbiology laboratories is also discussed.