肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71，EV71)是一种被忽视的热带传染病——手足口病的主要病原体之一，过去15年在亚太地区引起了多次手足口病暴发。由于脊髓灰质炎病毒的有效控制，EV71已成为最重要的嗜神经肠道病毒，其严重的神经系统并发症威胁着儿童健康。合适的动物模型可帮助更好地了解EV71神经致病机制，并有利于开发有效的疫苗和治疗药物。本文就EV71已建立的3类主要动物模型(非人灵长类动物模型、小鼠适应性模型及转基因小鼠模型)的特征、应用与局限进行综述。

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease which is known as a neglected tropical infectious disease. EV71 is responsible for several outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific Region over the past 15 years. Since the effective control of poliovirus, EV71 has been regarded as the most important neurotropic enterovirus and its severe neurological complications threaten the children’s health. Appropriate animal models of EV71 infection are essential to understand the neuropathology and to facilitate the development of effective vaccines and drugs. In this paper, we review the characteristics, applications and limitations of three major kinds of established animal models, including non-human primate models, mouse-adaptation models and transgenic mouse models.