表面活性素（surfactin）、伊枯草菌素（iturin）和丰原素（fengycin）是一类主要由革兰阳性芽胞杆菌通过非核糖体合成途径产生的抗菌肽，一般是由1个β-羟基脂肪酸与7～10个氨基酸肽链以酰胺键连接而成的环肽，具有抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等生物活性，在医疗方面具有良好的应用前景。目前，人们对这3种新型抗菌肽在医药领域中的研究进展所知甚少，故本文对其发现历史、结构特点、作用机制、生物合成和应用价值进行阐述，为后续研究提供借鉴。

Surfactin, iturin and fengycin are novel antimicrobial peptides produced mainly by Gram-positive bacilli through non-ribosome synthesis. The structure is generally composed of β-hydroxy fatty acids and 7 to 10 amino acid peptide chains linked to the amide bond peptide. With antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumoral and other biological activity, they have a good application prospect in the medical field. However, people know little about the three novel antimicrobial peptides in the field of medicine research. To solve this problem, this article describes their discovery history, structural characteristics, action mechanisms, biosynthesis and application values to provide reference for the further study.