为了解肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)合并Epstein-Barr 病毒(Epstein-Barr virus，EBV)感染患儿的血清因子水平和免疫功能，选取2016年9月—2017年3月于上海交通大学附属第六人民医院儿科住院的肺炎支原体肺炎(Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia，MPP)合并EBV感染患儿(A组)、单纯MPP患儿(B组)和小儿骨科择期行六指切除手术的患儿(C组)，采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA)检测3组患儿血清白细胞介素6(interleukin 6，IL-6)、IL-4、γ干扰素(interferon γ，IFN-γ)、IL-10水平。结果显示，A和B组IL-6、IL-4、FIN-γ、IL-10水平高于C组(P＜0.05)，A组IL-6、IL-10水平高于B组(P＜0.05)，且A组中重症肺炎患儿血清IL-6、IL-10、IL-4水平较非重症肺炎患儿高(P＜0.05)。结果提示，MPP合并EBV感染患儿体内存在细胞免疫紊乱，MPP合并EBV感染后可通过诱导机体分泌 IL-6、IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-10而造成组织损伤。因此， IL-6、IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-10的检测对MPP合并EBV感染的诊断及评估病情具有重要意义。

The present paper aims to investigate the cytokine levels and immune function in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) combined with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The children hospitalized during September 2016 to March 2017 in Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital were subjected for this study. The children with MPP and EBV infection, with MPP and the ones undergoing hexadactyly resection surgery were classified as group A，group B and group C, respectively. The serum levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-4, IL-10) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-10 in group A and group B were higher than those in group C (P<0.05), the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in group A were higher than those in group B (P<0.05), the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-4 in severe pneumonia group were higher than those in non-severe pneumonia group (P<0.05). The results indicated cellular immunity dysfunction in cases of MPP combined with EBV infection. It is suggested that MPP combined with EBV infection could induce the secretion of IL-6, IL-4, IFN-γ， IL-10 to cause tissue damage, and the detection of IL-6, IL-4, IFN-γ， IL-10 has important significance in the diagnosis and evaluation of MPP combined with EBV infection.