朗格汉斯细胞位于黏膜状组织和皮肤分层鳞状上皮，是高度专职的抗原呈递细胞家族成员，也是表皮中唯一的树突细胞。其作为一种皮肤免疫细胞，在摄取、加工处理和呈递抗原及诱导 T 细胞反应等方面发挥着巨大作用。机体皮肤或黏膜在遭遇不同病原微生物入侵时，朗格汉斯细胞与病原体的相互作用及引起后续免疫反应的机制存在差异。本文就朗格汉斯细胞的生物学功能及其在一些病毒感染中的作用进行综述。

Langerhans cells situated in stratified squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosal tissue are members of a family of highly specialized antigen-presenting cells called dendritic cells. Langerhans cells are the only dendritic cells detected in epidermis for ingesting, processing and presenting of antigens, and T cell responses. In this article, we review the biological functions of Langerhans cells and their roles in various viral infections.