超级传播者(super spreaders)是在短时期内感染10人以上的传染病患者，受感染的多为患者的家属、医务工作者或其他密切接触者。大多数传染病暴发流行中都存在超级传播者，他们能特别高效地将病原传染给其他未曾暴露的个体并使其建立感染。因此，早期发现、及时诊断和严格管理超级传播者对于传染病的防控非常重要。本文就认识超级传播者的重要性、超级传播者的形成及对其的鉴定和干预作简要综述。

A super spreader is an infected individual who can disproportionally and efficiently transmit a specific pathogen to more than 10 naïve individuals, most of them are family members, health care workers, and other close-contact persons. Super spreaders were frequently reported in the recent outbreaks of infectious diseases, demonstrated that early discovery and management of super spreaders are critical measures to control epidemics. The formation, characterization and interventions of super spreaders are reviewed in this paper.