类鼻疽是由类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei，B. pseudomallei)(简称类鼻疽菌)感染引起的一种热带医学疾病。该病临床表现复杂多样，严重感染时可快速发展为败血症，病死率高达40%。越来越多的证据表明，它是一种正在扩散的人兽共患传染病。本文就近年来关于类鼻疽菌感染的重要毒力因子以及其在免疫逃逸中的作用机制研究进展进行总结，以期了解类鼻疽菌的致病机制，为将来有效疫苗和治疗药物的研发提供理论指导。

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is classically characterized by pneumonia and multiple abscesses with a mortality rate up to 40%. There is growing evidence that it is considered a potential emerging infectious disease in many tropical developing countries. In this review, we highlight recently characterized mechanisms of remarkable virulence factors by which B. pseudomallei avoids killing by host immune responses.