脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌(Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, EM)是一种非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌，为医院感染的重要病原菌之一，近年来其检出率呈上升趋势。EM易感人群主要为有基础疾病、免疫功能低下或缺陷、长期使用抗生素及有侵入性操作等的患者，可引起脑膜炎、菌血症、肺部感染、眼部感染等，其多重耐药性给临床治疗带来了严峻挑战。EM除感染人类，还可感染蛙、鱼、龟、猪、犬类等动物。本文从EM的生物学特性、引发的感染类型、检测方法、感染危险因素等方面进行综述，以期对其有较全面的、新的认识，从而加强临床对其分离及检测的重视，为医院感染的预防与控制提供参考。

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (EM), a non-fermented Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the most important pathogens of nosocomial infection. The detection rate has been on the rise in recent years. The susceptible people mainly include the patients with basic diseases, immunodeficiency or deficiency, long-term use of antibiotics, invasive procedures, and so on. EM could cause meningitis, bacteremia, lung infections, eye infections, etc. Its multi-drug resistance has burdened the clinical treatment. Animals could also be infected by EM, like frogs, fish, turtles, pigs, dogs and others. The biological characteristics, infection types, detection methods and risk factors are analyzed in the present paper, which would offer a new insight of EM. Hospitals should focus on the detection, drug resistance and pathogenesis of EM, which would provide the reference for prevention and control of nosocomial infection.