结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection, LTBI)是机体对结核分枝杆菌抗原持续性免疫反应的状态，既无活动性结核病临床症状，也无结核病影像学表现。LTBI激活是新发结核病的主要来源之一。LTBI动物模型的建立是研究结核的潜伏感染和复发机制，开发诊断试剂，评估抗结核新药、新疫苗的有效性、安全性的基础。建立稳定、成本低、易推广、潜伏期时长适中、复发起点和复发水平变异小的LTBI动物模型，是其未来研究发展的方向。本文就LTBI动物模型的研究进展进行综述，期望为结核病防治工作者提供参考资料。

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a state of persistent immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen without clinical symptoms or imaging findings of active tuberculosis. The relapse of LTBI is one of the main sources of active tuberculosis. Generating an LTBI animal model is the foundation for studying mechanisms of latency and recurrence of tuberculosis infection, developing diagnostic reagents, and assessing the efficacy and safety about new anti-tuberculosis drugs and vaccines. Developing an LTBI animal model with consistent phenotype, low cost, easy to master and popularize, suitable length of time of latent period, small variation in relapse threshold and relapse level would be the future direction for LTBI related studies. This review summarizes the researches on animal models of LTBI, with the hope of providing reference for those who are engaged in tuberculosis control.