白细胞介素(简称白介素)能够调控免疫细胞的分化、增殖及效应功能。结核抗原特异性诱导的白介素的表达水平能够表征结核杆菌感染后的机体状态。在机体的抗结核免疫应答中，白介素可以直接调控吞噬细胞对胞内感染结核杆菌的杀菌活性；也能够调控效应性T细胞的增殖，并进一步激活吞噬细胞的杀菌功能。目前，部分白介素已被证明有望用于结核病的免疫辅助治疗，正在进行相关临床实验。本文对白介素调控免疫细胞抗结核免疫应答的研究进展进行综述，以期为制定结核病的白介素免疫辅助治疗方案提供指导。

Cytokines of interleukins (IL) can regulate the differentiation, proliferation and effector function of immune cells. The expression of specific interleukins induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens could be used to characterize Mtb infection in humans. In host’s anti-tuberculosis immune defense, interleukins can directly regulate the bactericidal activity of phagocytes to inhibit intracellular Mtb growth. Interleukins can also induce the proliferation and effect function of T cells to further enhance the bactericidal activity of phagocytes. Some interleukins are being tested in clinical trials as an adjuvant immunotherapy for tuberculosis treatment. Here, this study reviewed the latest research progresses of interleukins regulating anti-tuberculosis immune response of lymphocytes, and discussed the rationale for the development of interleukins as potential adjunctive treatment in tuberculosis.