布鲁菌病(brucellosis)是布鲁菌入侵机体引起的传染-变态反应性人兽共患传染病，易被忽视。该病严重威胁人类健康，影响畜牧业、旅游业的发展，阻碍正常国际贸易，还会造成食品安全隐患。布鲁菌可通过消化道、呼吸道及皮肤黏膜破损处等途径传播至人。人群对布鲁菌的易感性无年龄和性别差异，可通过直接或间接接触感染。从事布鲁氏菌研究的实验室操作人员有发生实验室获得性感染的风险，但可通过有效的生物安全防护措施避免感染的发生。布鲁菌病是一种可防可控的疾病，必须早期诊断和正确治疗，防止疾病慢性化。本文对布鲁菌病的生物安全及其防控原则进行介绍。

Brucellosis is an infectious-allergic zoonotic disease caused by Brucella. It is easily neglected. This disease seriously threatens human health, affects the development of animal husbandry and tourism, hampers normal international trade, and will cause hidden food safety hazards. Brucella can be transmitted to humans through multiple ways, including gastro-enteral tract, respiratory tract, and damaged skin and mucous membranes. There is no age or gender difference in the susceptibility of humans to Brucella. Humans can be infected with Brucella through direct or indirect contact. Laboratory-acquired brucellosis also occurs in laboratories dealing with Brucella, but it can be prevented with effective biosafety measures. Brucellosis is a preventable and controllable disease. It needs early diagnosis and proper treatment for preventing from chronic brucellosis. This review introduces the biosafety, prevention and control of brucellosis.