猴痘(monkeypox)是由猴痘病毒感染所致的人兽共患病，主要发生在非洲中部、西部地区。猴痘病毒可感染多种哺乳类动物，主要在动物中流行，人接触感染动物后可被传染。猴痘的临床表现与天花相似(发热、皮疹等)，但症状较轻。天花疫苗接种可提供预防猴痘的免疫保护力。然而，因全球天花被消灭而停止接种天花疫苗后，猴痘成为最可能威胁人类的正痘病毒性疾病。近期，其散发病例在欧洲多地出现。2022年5月7日英国报道了猴痘疫情。随后，欧洲报道猴痘确诊和疑似病例超过100例。猴痘主要传播途径包括接触感染动物、与患者直接接触或间接接触。2022年5月20日，世界卫生组织就此次猴痘疫情召开了紧急会议，旨在提高对猴痘的认识，做好防范应对准备。世界卫生组织、美国疾病预防控制中心、英国卫生部门报告了相关疫情并制定了相应的防控措施。截至2022年5月28日我国尚无输入性猴痘报道，但因国际交往频繁等仍须提高警惕。本文介绍了猴痘流行现状及有关防控信息，以供借鉴。

Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus, which mainly occurs in Central and West Africa. Monkeypox virus can infect a variety of mammals and mainly prevails in the animals. Human can be infected by contacting the virus-infected animals. The clinical manifestations of monkeypox are similar to that of smallpox, but the symptoms are mild. Smallpox vaccination can provide immune protection against monkeypox. However, due to the elimination of smallpox in the world, smallpox vaccination was stopped, and monkeypox has become the most serious orthopoxvirus disease. Recently, the epidemic trend of monkeypox has switched from sporadic cases in natural foci (tropical rain forests in Central and Western Africa) to spread in Europe. On May 7, 2022, monkeypox cases were reported in the UK. Subsequently, more than 100 monkeypox cases and suspected cases were confirmed in Europe. The main transmission ways are contacting with infected animals, and contacting directly or indirectly with patients. On May 20, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) held an emergency meeting on the monkeypox epidemic to alert for awareness of monkeypox and to prepare for prevention and response. WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States and the UK Department of Health reported the relevant monkeypox epidemic and formulated the corresponding prevention and control measures. So far, there is no report of imported monkeypox virus in China. But due to frequent international exchanges, we have to be vigilant for monkeypox. Here this paper will introduce the epidemic status of monkeypox and the information about its prevention and control.