微生物与感染
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2023 Vol.18 No.5
Published 2023-10-25


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269 Hua-Jie MA MIn Wu Zheng-Hong Yuan Zhigang Yi
Establishment of a single-cell study method for HBV based on droplet digital PCR
The single-cell study of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in liver tissue is very important, but the related research technology is still at an advanced stage and unmet clinical need. Based on droplet digital PCR, the study established a single-cell digital droplet PCR (sc-ddPCR) method for absolute quantification of HBV DNA and RNA at the single cell level. The linearity and lower detection limit of HBV DNA were analyzed by mixing different proportions of HBV positive and negative cells which simulate the liver under chronic HBV infection. Taking episome derived RNA (eRNA) as an example, the study further designed a detection protocol for RNA. By utilizing the structural differences of HBV transcripts, the study designed a specific primer and probe system for eRNA whose specificity was verified in HBV liver cancer cell lines. The linearity and lower detection limit of eRNA were analyzed using gradient diluted standard cell lines. The results showed that the study established a single-cell detection method for HBV DNA and RNA based on ddPCR, which showed good linearity (HBV DNA: R2=0.9998; eRNA: R2=0.9425), and gradient diluted standard cell lines could be accurately detected positive signals with high sensitivity (lower detection limit: HBV DNA=0.16%, eRNA=0.2%). The sc-ddPCR method established in this study can carry out multiple detection for DNA and RNA,which provides a good technical support for further research on HBV virology activities in liver tissue, is conducive to the optimization and development of HBV treatment strategies, and has broad application prospects.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 269-277 [Abstract] ( 3 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
278 Dan ZHANG
Risk factors,clinical featuresand drug resistance analysis of nosocomial infection caused by Elizabethameningealis in elderly patients
Risk factors,clinical featuresand drug resistance analysis of nosocomial infection caused by Elizabethameningealis in elderly patients Zhang Dan,SunGuiqin 1.School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China 2. Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China Corresponding Author: Sun Guiqin, Email:sunguiqin2001 @163.com ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE To investigate the susceptible factors, clinical features and drug resistance of Elisabeth meningisepticum (E.M) infection in elderly patients, so as to providereference for clinical scientific and effective treatment. METHODS Analysis of 27 strains of EM infected patients aged over 60 years who were isolated from Shaoxing People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 was carried out using VITEK-2 automatic microbial identification and drug sensitivity analyzer for bacterial identification and drug sensitivity tests, and statistical analysis of the clinical characteristics and drug resistance of the bacteria. RESULTS The main infection of EM is the long hospitalization time, with 66.7% of patients staying in hospital for ≥ 28 days; There are serious underlying diseases, including COPD patients (25.9%), pulmonary infections (18.5%), and malignant tumors (22.2%); Elderly patients who have been using broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs for a long time and have undergone invasive procedures. The main type of specimen was sputum (87.8%), followed by urine (9.1%); The patients mainly came from the Department of Critical Care (74.1%), followed by the Department of Radiotherapy (7.4%); EM exhibits high resistance to a variety of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, but is 100% sensitive to doxycycline. The resistance to cefoperazone/tazobactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, cotrimoxazole, and levofloxacin is<30%. CONCLUSION The presence of serious underlying diseases and prolonged hospitalization, combined use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and multiple invasive diagnoses and treatments are risk factors for elderly patients with EM infection. The phenomenon of multiple drug resistance in EM is serious. Rational use of antibiotics, active treatment of primary diseases, minimizing invasive procedures, reducing hospital stay, and strengthening medical environmental management are conducive to the treatment and prevention of EM.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 278-283 [Abstract] ( 3 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
284
One case of sepsis caused by foodborne infection with Herbaspirillum huttiense
In order to explore the ability of routine laboratory identification methods to identify clinical isolates of Herbaspirillum huttiense(H. huttiense),the source of infection of H. huttiense in the blood of this patient was analyzed.Automated biochemical identification system, MALDI-TOF MS,16S rRNA gene sequencing and rpoB gene sequencing were used to identify H. huttiense, and the specimens from multiple parts of the patient were detected. The results showed that the automatic biochemical identification system misidentified H. huttiense as Burkholderia cepacia. MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were not able to distinguish between H. huttiense, Herbaspirillum aquaticum and Herbaspirillum camelliae,while rpoB gene sequencing could accurately identify H. huttiense. In addition to the blood, only a small amount of H. huttiense was detected in the patient's feces. The results of ERIC-PCR showed the same DNA band patterns of H. huttiense from blood and feces. MALDI-TOF MS MSP cluster analysis showed that they were located at the same node, and the Distance Level<50, with the same resistance phenotype. The blood and fecal origin of hatteriospirillum were highly homologous.This study demonstrated the performance of automated biochemical identification system, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and rpoB gene sequencing for identification of H. huttiense, which confirmed that H. huttiense could infect gastrointestinal tract through contaminated food and cause sepsis in patients with postoperative chemotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 284-289 [Abstract] ( 5 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
290
Immune disorders of sepsis based on gut microbiota products
Sepsis has become one of the leading causes of death in ICU patients, but there is still no specific treatment for sepsis. In the study of the pathophysiology of sepsis, it is found that immune disorders play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of sepsis. As the largest symbiont in human body, gut microbiota has been shown to affect the immune state of the host in various ways, but the exact mechanism has not been uniformly reported. Based on the role of gut microbiota in host immune regulation, this paper reviews the mechanism of gut microbiota in immune regulation of sepsis from the perspective of gut microbiota products, pointing out that gut microbiota on the one hand regulates the development and function of the host immune system; On the other hand, the imbalance of gut microbiota induced by sepsis will also lead to the change of microbiota products and the loss of the normal regulatory effect on the immune system, which may promote the further development of sepsis and form a vicious cycle. Biologic therapy based on gut microbiota may be an important addition to conventional treatment of sepsis.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 290-296 [Abstract] ( 2 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
297
Role of intestinal phages in fecal microbiota transplantation
Abstract: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an innovative method to reconstruct the balance of intestinal microbiota by transplanting Fecal microbiota from healthy donors to patients with diseases, which provides help for the treatment of diseases. In the treatment of recurrent refractory Clostridium difficile infection, the efficacy is very good. In recent years, its therapeutic potential has not only been limited to gastrointestinal diseases, but also has been continuously explored in other microbial-related diseases. Although the gut bacteriome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, in addition to the gut bacteriome, the gut bacteriophage group also plays a great role. The impact of intestinal phages on the success of FMT treatment has only recently been appreciated. This review summarizes the latest literature on intestinal phages and the impact of FMT on various diseases, and discusses and emphasizes the role of phages in the efficacy and safety, in order to improve the understanding of the role of intestinal phages in FMT and provide information for better clinical practice.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 297-306 [Abstract] ( 4 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
307
The role of iron ions in the host of gonococcal infection
Abstract: To explore the role of iron ion in the host process of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, and to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of gonorrhea. Consult the four major databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed to search for the regulatory role of iron ion in the host process of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and its correlation with drug resistance. The analysis from the aspects of Neisseria gonorrhoeae adhesion, competition for iron ion, resistance to host killing and human-to-human transmission showed that Neisseria gonorrhoeae decreased its sensitivity to host antibacterial substances by reducing the content of iron in the bacteria. When the iron content is low, Neisseria gonorrhoeae can promote the survival and dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by up-regulating the expression of iron uptake gene and secreting transferrin / lactoferrin binding protein, iron carrier, MpeR and other substances. As a result, iron ions play an important role in Neisseria gonorrhoeae basic survival needs, resistance to killing, spread and so on. By regulating the concentration of iron ions inside and outside the bacteria, the disease prevention effect can be enhanced.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 307-311 [Abstract] ( 4 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
312 鹏程 章 华 张
Current status and prospects of air purification and disinfection technology
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, simply creating a comfortable air environment with suitable temperature and humidity can no longer meet the needs of people's lives. Healthy and clean air quality has begun to become a focus of public concern. In recent years, the novel coronavirus has been raging around the world, and aerosol transmission as one of the infection routes deserves sufficient attention. Air purification and disinfection technology is of great significance in preventing the spread of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. This article mainly introduces a variety of physical and chemical air purification and disinfection technologies in detail, points out the problems existing in the research and application of these technologies, and finally proposes the characteristics that ideal air purification and disinfection technologies in the future should have.
2023 Vol. 18 (5): 312-320 [Abstract] ( 2 ) [HTML 1KB] [PDF 0KB] ( 3 )
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