水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒( VZV) 引起的一种高传染性疾病。接种疫苗是预防和控制VZV 流行的最有效手段。美国从1995 年开始实施儿童接种水痘疫苗的政策, 显著降低了水痘相关疾病的发病率和病死率。近年来, 水痘疫苗在我国应用越来越广泛。本文就水痘减毒活疫苗Oka 株的研发, 疫苗的有效性、安全性, 病毒减毒的分子生物学特征和免疫策略等方面进行综述, 以期能更全面地认识水痘减毒疫苗在预防和控制VZV 传播方面所起的作用。

Varicella is a highly contagious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus ( VZV) . Vaccination has provided the best means to control infection. A number of countries maintain a universal childhood vaccination policy since 1995, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the incidence, morbidity and mortality related to varicella. In this article, we review the development of varicella Oka vaccine, the research in vaccine efficiency and safety, the molecular mechanism of attenuation, as well as newideas in immunization strategy, summarizing the current advances and limits
of the varicella vaccine since its worldwide application.