结核分枝杆菌是一种胞内感染菌，巨噬细胞是其寄生的场所。结核分枝杆菌通过阻止吞噬溶酶体的融合、减少巨噬细胞的凋亡、降低巨噬细胞对刺激应答的敏感性等途径逃避巨噬细胞的免疫监视和攻击并在细胞内存活和繁殖，而巨噬细胞又是抗菌免疫的主要效应细胞，对结核分枝杆菌有直接杀伤、分泌多种细胞因子进行免疫调节、提呈该菌抗原等作用。深入研究结核分枝杆菌对巨噬细胞免疫逃逸机制及巨噬细胞抗结核免疫作用，对于研究宿主抗结核免疫机制以及设计新型的结核病疫苗有重要意义。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular bacterial infection, macrophages are the parasitic place. Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagocytosis by preventing fusion of lysosomes to reduce macrophage apoptosis, reduced macrophage response sensitivity to stimulate a variety of ways to evade immune surveillance of macrophages and the attacks and in macrophages memory alive and breeding. The macrophage is the main effect of antibacterial immune cells, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a direct anti-secreted cytokines to immune modulation, presenting the role of bacteria and other antigens. Further study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on macrophage immune escape mechanisms and the role of macrophages in anti-TB immunity for the study of host immune mechanisms and design of new anti-TB tuberculosis vaccine is important.