微小RNA（miRNA）是一类22nt高度保守的小分子非编码RNA，主要通过与靶mRNA的3’非编码区碱基互补配对结合而引起其降解或翻译抑制。越来越多的研究显示，miRNA在免疫反应中具有新型调节作用，包括调节免疫细胞的发育和分化、B细胞抗体的产生、炎性介质的释放、细胞信号转导等。miRNA在维持机体免疫系统的自稳和免疫相关疾病发生中的作用也逐渐受重视。本文综述了miRNA调节固有性和适应性免疫反应功能和机制的研究进展。

microRNA (miRNA), an abundant class of 22nt highly conversed, small noncoding RNA, can make mRNA degradation or influence mRNA translation via a complementary with the 3’-UTR of the miRNA. Recently, more studies show the effects of these noncoding small RNAs on immune system development and response, and miRNA is involved in the regulation of immunity, including the development and differentiation of immune cells, antibody production, in?ammatory mediator release and signal transduction in cells. miRNA is considered to play roles in maintaining the homeostasis of immune system and immune-associated diseases. Here, the latest ?ndings are summarized to explore the function and mechanism of miRNA in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses.