目前“emerging ” 一般翻译为“新现”，但本文中“emerging virus”实际包含两层含义：它是新出现的，并且会威胁人类健康。一种新现病毒，既可以是之前从未出现过的，也可以是之前出现过，而现在重新出现，或体现出新的特性而重现。2009年，数种新现病毒肆虐，全球出现大量感染和死亡病例，并蒙受巨大的经济损失。因此，新现病毒受到公众卫生部门和流行病专家的高度关注。自20世纪90年代初，新现一词常被滥用，以描述一些迄今尚不明确的感染，这些感染实际多是一种被控制后在另一地区或以新的活力出现，这两种情况也可同时出现。其中，除了被分离并报道的一部分病例，这些感染只有一些热带病专家和动物疾病专家去关注，而被大部分微生物学专家和临床医生忽略。近年来......

The use of the term “emerging” implies something new and threatening to human kind, either arising de novo or of an agent unexpectedly coming to our attention from a previously unknown source or with hitherto unrecognised characteristics. Indeed several new agents have caused serious harm, both in terms of mortality and morbidity as well as economic loss. It is for these reasons that emerging infectious diseases of humans and animals are of mounting concern to public health officials and infectious disease specialists alike. Since the early 1990’s, the term has come to embrace in its loosest sense those diseases that were hitherto unknown infections that have been considered as under control, only to re-emerge in a new geographical location or with renewed vigour, or both. Many until recently have been the preserve of those specialists with a particular interest in tropical or veterinary diseases, rarely coming into the consciousness of clinicians or microbiologists in the developed world apart from isolated, imported cases. All this has......