为探讨非伤寒沙门菌的耐药性及其引起儿童肠炎的临床特点，收集2009 年3 月~2010 年10 月广东省中山市博爱医院儿科消化病区送检的1 665 例肠道感染患儿粪便标本，将培养、分离所获的72 株非伤寒沙门菌进行药敏试验，并回顾分析其感染后的临床特点。结果显示，非伤寒沙门菌对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、泰能、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林-他巴唑坦和头孢他啶的敏感率分别为100% 、98.61 %、95.83% 、87.50% 和77.78% ;对第 1 、2 代头孢菌素，氨基糖苷类，不含酶抑制剂青霉素类，头霉素类等多种抗生素耐药率均>80% 。非伤寒沙门菌肠道感染的患儿通常表现出黏液血便、呕吐和发热等侵袭性肠炎的临床特点，年龄较大儿童可诉腹痛、腹胀，个别病例可发展为非伤寒沙门菌脓毒血症。本研究显示，非伤寒沙门菌对碳青酶烯类、含酶抑制剂β-内酰胺类、氟喹诺酮类药物敏感率较高，治疗时应根据药敏试验合理、谨慎选用抗生素，有效控制感染，尽可能避免重症病例的出现。

The present paper aims to explore drug resistance of 72 non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates and the clinical characteristics of resulting enteritis in children. Stool specimens from 1 665 children experiencing intestinal infection were collected by the Digestive Disorders Ward of Zhongshan Boai Hospital from March 2009 to October 2010. The drug sensitivity testing on 72 non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates was conducted after strain identification and separation. The clinical characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella infection were retrospectively analyzed. The results demonstrated that sensitivities of non-typhoidal Salmonella to cefoperazone-tazobactam, Tienam, levofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ceftazidine were 100% , 98.61 %, 95.83% , 87.50% and 77.78% , respectively. Antibiotic resistance rate of these non-typhoidal Salmonella to the first and second generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides , non-enzyme penicillin and cephamycins were all > 80%. Children with intestinal infection by non-typhoidal Salmonella typically presented with clinical characteristics specific to invasive enteritis such as mucous bloody stool , omitting and fever. Older children reported more abdominal pain and showed more abdominal distension and some may deteriorate to non-typhoidal Salmonella sepsis. This study suggests that non-typhoidal Salmonella may have a high sensitivity to carbapenems, enzyme-containing β-lactam compounds, and fluoroquinolones. Therefore , antibiotics should be chosen reasonably and prudently based on drug sensitivity testing as treatment for effectively controlling infection, and preventing the occurrence of further deterioration in patients.