近20年来，由于接受肿瘤化学治疗、细胞毒药物治疗患者不断增多，器官移植和骨髓移植术广泛开展，深部真菌病的发病率和病死率急剧上升。而生物技术的进步和人们对真菌研究的深入，为临床提供了早期、特异的诊断方法和新型抗真菌药物。本文归纳了深部真菌病流行病学调查、真菌与宿主相互作用、深部真菌病诊断和治疗等方面的最新内容。这些研究成果将有助于科研人员寻找新的研究路线，有助于临床医师预防和诊治深部真菌病。同时，尚需广大科研和临床工作者对深部真菌病进行更为深入的研究以满足临床和科研的需要。

Cancer therapy,cytotoxic drugs,and organ and bone marrow transplantation have been widely used in the clinic. As a result, the incidence of deep mycoses, which is a serious infection with high mortality, has risen sharply over the past 20 years. Meanwhile, with the development of new biotechnological tools and better understanding of fungal infection, early and specific diagnosis methods, as well as optimal therapy, can be selected to manage such diseases. The latest research on deep mycoses regarding epidemiology, virulence, diagnosis, and antifungal drug treatment are reviewed in this paper. A better understanding of these findings could help scientists gain new insight into study of fungi and help physicians prevent and treat deep mycoses.