随着人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者逐渐进入获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）期，我国HIV感染者死亡人数逐渐增加，已超过狂犬病死亡人数，位居第一。如何降低HIV/AIDS患者的病死率是我国目前亟待解决的重要课题。针对我国HIV/AIDS患者的特点，应采用多种措施。其中关键应为：落实患者对药物的依从性、优化抗病毒治疗方案；扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖面，以增加接受抗病毒治疗的患者；加大检测力度，早诊断、早治疗以延长患者寿命，改善预后；注意对患者合并症的治疗，并科学分析死亡原因。这些措施的实施需要社会各界共同参与和努力。

As human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients gradually progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) these years, the lethal cases of HIV patients have increased markedly, and have surpassed the mortality of rabies, ranking first among all mandatory reporting infectious diseases. Decreasing the mortality of HIV/AIDS patients is one of the big challenges we are facing. The following issues are critical: strengthen strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among patients, increase new kinds of drugs to facilitate expanding ART coverage, encourage HIV screening for early diagnosis and early ART and comprehensive treatment of complications. The implementation of these interventions need efforts from different disciplines.