随着生物恐怖与生物战威胁的增加，微生物法医学的概念应运而生。微生物法医学的主要任务就是通过微生物学、免疫学、分子生物学和分析化学等各种技术手段，为生物恐怖袭击或自然发生的暴发性疾病追踪微生物的来源，推测微生物间的亲缘关系或为传播途径提供科学证据。近年来，微生物法医学在生物恐怖病原体的法医学鉴定、国家计算机网络的建立及多种鉴定方法的建立和质量控制方面取得较大进展，本文对此进行综述。

With the increasing threat of bioterrorism and biological warfare , the concept of microbial forensics has been proposed. The main task of microbial forensics is to track down the source of a microbe, whether in a criminal investigation of bioterrorism attacks or a study of naturally occurring disease outbreak， and to determine the genetic relationship of microbes through microbiology, immunology, molecular biology, analytical chemistry and other technical means. In recent years, great progress has been made in the areas of pathogen identification, national computer networks multispecies identification methods, and quality control.. In this paper, the research progress on microbial forensics has been reviewed.