结核病诊断一直是控制结核病疫情的关键，快速准确、敏感特异、简便低廉的诊断方法是目前迫切需要的。从结核分枝杆菌快速诊断噬菌体法、AMPLICOR® MTB试验、Gen-Probe分子生物学诊断方法到T-SPOT.TB和QuantiFeron-Gold test免疫学检测方法，结核病实验诊断方法在不断改进和完善。近年来，世界卫生组织（WHO）或美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）认可的一些广泛应用的商业化诊断方法，如基于液体培养的BacT/Alert 3D、MGIT 960 系统；基于分子线性探针杂交的INNO-LiPA Rif.TB、GenoType® MTBDRplus及GenoType® MTBDRsl技术；基于免疫色谱技术的Capilia TB试剂盒等，都已被临床广为接受和应用。还有一些尚待推广的技术，如最新的Xpert® MTB/RIF系统，发光二极管（LED）显微镜等也有较好的发展前景。

The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) has always been the key to control this pandemic. A fast, robust, specific, sensitive and affordable test for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is needed urgently. The laboratory diagnostics of tuberculosis has been developed and improved, such as FASTPlaque-TBTM Assay, Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test, AMPLICOR® MTB, AccuProbe，T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFeron-Gold test. Recently, a number of commercial diagnostic kits approved by World Health Organization (WHO) or U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have been used widely, such as BacT/Alert 3D and MGIT 960 systems which are based on liquid culture, the polymerase chainreaction (PCR)-based reverse hybridization line probe assay including INNO-LiPA Rif.TB, GenoType® MTBDRplus and GenoType® MTBDRsl systems, and simple and rapid immunochromatographic assay such as Capilia TB. They all have been used in clinic for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Even some newer technology, such as Xpert® MTB/RIF system and light emitting diode (LED) microscopy also have been promised for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These methods are reviewed in the present article.