非发酵菌广泛存在于自然界，抗菌药物的使用及该菌在医院内环境中广泛存在，使其成为医院内感染的主要病原菌。由于对多种抗菌药物天然耐药，加上抗生素压力，临床分离菌的耐药率快速上升，尤其是鲍曼不动杆菌对碳氢酶烯类的耐药率上升至50%以上，部分细菌出现对常用消毒剂耐药的现象。非发酵菌多为条件致病菌，宿主因素是影响其感染预后的重要因素。针对非发酵菌感染的治疗，碳氢酶烯类仍是可选择的药物，多黏菌素、替加环素和舒巴坦及含舒巴坦制剂可根据不同细菌及药敏试验作选择。如何控制非发酵菌感染无疑是对临床医师的挑战。

Non-fermentative bacteria can exist extensively in the environment. The use of antibiotics and cross-infection by the hands of medical personnel have made it become the major pathogen of nosocomial infection. The intrinsic resistance to many common antibiotics in non-fermentative bacteria, and antibiotic pressure have caused the rapid increase in multi-resistance rate. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumanii to carbapanems has risen to more than 50%. Some pathogens are resistant to disinfectors. Non-fermentative bacteria are primarily opportunistic pathogens. Underlying host factors are strongly associated with outcomes. Multidrug resistance greatly limits the therapeutic options for patients who are infected with this organism. Carbapenems is still a class of optional antibiotics, as well as polymyxin, tigecycline, sulbactam and its compounds. How to manage the patients with non-fermentative bacteria infection will be a challenge for clinicians in the future.