目前我国人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染疫情总体处于低流行水平，但男男性行为（MSM）人群HIV感染出现快速上升趋势，传播亚型呈现出新的特点，疾病进展较快。HIV核酸及抗原抗体检测等手段对于早期发现MSM人群感染者具有重要意义。解析MSM人群艾滋病疾病进展的影响因素，发现新的生物学标志物，可为早期评估HIV感染的预后提供创新性手段。对我国MSM人群HIV感染者的早期发现及抗病毒治疗等综合干预及我国艾滋病流行的控制具有重要意义。

Currently the national average prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China remains low, but HIV infection rate among men who have sex with men (MSM) increases rapidly. The HIV subtypes spreading in MSM show new features and the disease progression of HIV-infected MSM is fast. The detection of HIV nucleic acid, antigen and antibody play important roles in the early identification of HIV-infected MSM. Investigating the factors affecting HIV infection progression and looking for the new biomarkers can provide novel strategies for early prediction of HIV infection prognosis. The early identification and interventions such as antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected MSM are important in the control of HIV epidemic in China.