为研究结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白GroEL1在耻垢分枝杆菌中过表达所引发的生理效应，本实验采用透射电子显微镜观察细菌个体形态，并绘制细菌群体生长曲线；药敏试验检测重组耻垢分枝杆菌的药物耐受；细菌攻毒Balb/c小鼠以检测细菌在体内的存活能力；通过病理切片观察细菌毒力。结果显示，GroEL过表达细菌菌体内核糖体数量显著增加，细菌生长分裂能力及群体适应能力提高，但对于常用的一线、二线抗结核药物耐受性无影响。GroEL过表达有助于延长细菌在宿主体内的生存周期，增强细菌毒力。结果提示，结核分枝杆菌GroEL1蛋白过表达会对细菌体内、体外生长产生明显影响。

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the physiological effects in Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmati) caused by the overexpression of GroEL1, which is a heat shock protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacterial morphous was observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM), and bacterial population growth curve was plotted. Drug susceptibility of recombinant M. smegmatis was assayed using serial dilution. BALB/c mice infected by recombinant M. smegmatis were used as model to detect bacterial viability in vivo and virulence changes related to GroEL1 overexpression. As GroEL1 overexpressed, the level of bacteria bacterial ribosome increased significantly, so did the population growth and adaptive capacity. But for the resisrance to commonly used first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs did not change. The tesults showed that overexpression of GroEL could help M. smegmatis extend life cycle in hosts, and enhance bacterial virulence, with a significant impact on growth of bacteria in vivo or in vitro.