为了解2012年上海地区副溶血性弧菌人源株和食源株的优势血清型及其毒力基因携带状况，本研究收集了2012年从上海市15个区（县）腹泻患者和食品监测中分离的副溶血性弧菌株，进行血清分型，并采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测tdh和trh基因。结果显示，854株副溶血性弧菌中，88.1%血清可分型，89.8%为产毒株。O3:K6、O4:K8、O1:K25、O4:K68、O4:K9、O1:K36、O3:K29为上海地区腹泻优势血清型（93.8%），其中O3:K6最多，达56.2%。副溶血性弧菌全部分离株的月份分布显示出聚集趋势，7~8月为高峰期。O4:K9和O1:K36血清型菌株的月份分布与其他优势血清型菌株不同，未表现出明显聚集趋势。食品分离株的血清型分布无明显优势血清型，且与人源株分布不同。人源株产毒株构成（95.6%）高于食源株（5.5%）。人源株优势血清型产毒株构成（99.9%）高于非优势血清型（71.1%）。血清可分型菌株的tdh携带率（97.5%）高于不可分型菌株（67.6%），血清可分型菌株的trh携带率（0.8%）低于不可分型菌株（42.6%）。结果提示，副溶血性弧菌血清型分布与历史数据相比变化较大，血清型与毒力基因携带呈一定程度关联，且人源株与食源株在血清型和毒力基因携带上具有分离现象。因此，副溶血性弧菌的监测与检测应充分考虑血清分型和毒力基因的重要性。

The main purpose of the research is to find the most common serotypes and tdh and (or) trh carrying rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) isolates from diarrhea cases and food in Shanghai, 2012. Isolates were collected in diarrhea surveillance system from 15 district Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs). All isolates were serotyped with O and K antisera. tdh and trh genes were detected by a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Totally 88.1% of all 854 isolates could be serotyped with both O and K antisera, and 89.8% were virulent. Among the serotyped isolates from diarrhea cases, 93.8% were O3:K6 (56.2%), O4:K8 (13.5%), O1:K25 (6.8%), O4:K68 (7.0%), O4:K9 (4.5%), O1:K36 (2.9%) and O3:K29 (2.9%), which were considered as the most common serotypes in Shanghai. Central tendency was shown in the distribution of all isolates by month, and the peak appeared during July to August. While for isolates of O4:K9 and O1:K36 serotypes were different without central tendency in monthly distribution. The serotypes distribution in food isolates was different from that of diarrhea isolates. The proportion of virulent strains in diarrhea isolates (95.6%) was higher than that in food isolates (5.5%). Among diarrhea isolates, the proportion of virulent strains in the most common serotypes (99.9%) was higher than that in non-common serotypes (71.1%). tdh detection rate in the serotypeable (97.5%) was higher than that in the untypeable (67.6%), but trh detection rate in the serotypeable (0.8%) was lower than that in the untypeable (42.6%). The results hint that the serotype constitute is different from that of historical data, and tdh（trh）carrying or not is likely to be related to serotypes. The isolates from diarrhea cases and food show separation phenomena in serotypes and virulent factors, indicating the importance of serotyping and virulent factor detection in surveillance and detection of V. parahaemolyticus.