为了解婴幼儿淋巴结核的主要病原体及其分子生物学信息，对分离自73例0～3岁淋巴结核患儿的79份淋巴结穿刺液阳性培养物进行结核分枝杆菌鉴定、3个不同区域片段（RD1、RD9、RD10）扩增及多位点可变数目串联重复序列（MLVA）分型。结果显示，婴幼儿淋巴结核病以卡介苗（BCG）感染为主（95.9%），其次为人型结核分枝杆菌感染（4.1%）。MLVA分离出4个基因型，3个为独立基因型，成簇基因型中共76株，均为BCG；3个独立基因型均为人型结核分枝杆菌。研究表明，BCG是引起婴幼儿淋巴结核的主要病原体，临床分离的BCG其MLVA分析无差异性。

The paper aims to determine the main pathogen causing tuberculous lymphadenitis in infants. A total of 79 lymph node biopsies from 73 infants age 0-3 were conducted Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) identification, amplification of RD1, RD9 and RD10, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). The results showed that the main pathogen of tuberculous lymphadenitis in infants was bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (95.9%), followed by M. tuberculosis (4.1%). There were 4 genotypes including 3 independent genotypes (M. tuberculosis) and 1 genotype cluster analyzed by MLVA. The BCG isolated from clinical samples had no difference.