结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的全球第二大传染病。二代测序技术为从基因组水平研究结核分枝杆菌提供了重要的研究方法。本文从结核病流行病学、结核分枝杆菌耐药和进化及相关生物信息学等方面，介绍二代测序技术在结核分枝杆菌研究中的应用进展。

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the second important infectious disease in the world, and next­generation sequencing technology provides an effective research method to study the genome of M. tuberculosis. The current applications of next­generation sequencing technology in the study of M. tuberculosis from the aspects of epidemiology,  drug resistance, evolution and related bioinformatics are reviewed.