已发现100余种蚊传虫媒病毒在世界各地流行，其引发的人兽共患病是全世界关注的公共卫生问题。长期以来我国仅发现乙型脑炎和登革热两种蚊传虫媒病毒病，但近年来新发现西尼罗病毒和Tahyna病毒及其感染疾病流行。从我国新疆维吾尔自治区采集的蚊虫标本中分离到西尼罗病毒，大量血清学研究证明当地不仅存在西尼罗病毒感染所致疾病，还发生过西尼罗病毒感染引发的病毒性脑炎流行。目前已从新疆维吾尔自治区、青海省和内蒙古自治区采集的蚊虫标本中分离到Tahyna病毒，并发现其在自然界动物中的循环和导致的人类感染流行。西尼罗病毒和Tahyna病毒及其相关感染性疾病的发现为我国虫媒病毒及虫媒病毒病的预防与控制提出了新的挑战。

It has been found more than 100 species of mosquito-­borne viruses circulating around the world, and these viruses could cause several severe diseases in both animals and humans, which is a public health issue raising worldwide concern. For a long time in China, Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever were the mainly mosquito­borne viral diseases. While, recently, the epidemic of West Nile virus and Tahyna virus and related viral diseases has been found in China. West Nile virus was isolated from the mosquito samples collected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and a large number of serological results provided the evidence that diseases caused by West Nile virus infection existed in the local area and also, epidemic of viral encephalitis once occurred due to West Nile virus infection. Besides, Tahyna virus was isolated from the mosquito samples collected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the virus circulation in nature and the prevalence of clinical infections were also found. West Nile virus and Tahyna virus and those related infectious diseases found in China offer new challenges for the prevention and control of vector­borne viruses and vector­borne viral diseases.