结核病疫情亟需快速、有效的诊断方法，但长久以来其诊断一直依靠传统的结核分枝杆菌抗酸染色涂片和培养技术，并不能满足快速诊断的需要。为解决这个全球性的问题，近年来出现了多种结核病新的诊断技术和方法，如新的影像学检查及计算机辅助技术、显微镜学诊断技术、结核分枝杆菌快速培养技术、免疫学诊断技术，以及结核分枝杆菌特异性核酸扩增技术。本文主要介绍几种最有代表性的技术和方法，其中部分技术已获得世界卫生组织(World Health Organization，WHO)的推荐，部分正在进行大规模临床研究或验证，反映了近年来结核病诊断发展的新方向。

The epidemic of tuberculosis worldwide urgently requires quick and effective diagnostic method. However for a long time, the diagnosis of tuberculosis has been relying on the traditional acid-fast staining of smears and selective Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture techniques, which cannot meet the need for rapid diagnosis. To match this global clinical need, many new tuberculosis diagnostic techniques and methods have been developed in recent years, such as new imaging and computer-aided techniques, automated microscopy, short time culture-based diagnosis, immunological diagnosis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific nucleic acid amplification technology. This paper describes the representative of the techniques and methods, some of which have already been recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), some have been investigated under large-scale clinical studies. These new technologies reflect the future direction in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.