球孢子菌病是球孢子菌感染人类所致的疾病。传统认为其流行区域仅限于美洲部分地区，但随着全球人口流动，非疫区的输入性病例报道日渐增多。一些新近研究也对其传统流行病学观念提出了挑战。此外，球孢子菌病的临床表现多样，从轻微的自限性呼吸道感染到严重的全身播散性感染均可发生，给诊断带来了很大的困难。因此，尽管中国并非传统概念上的球孢子菌病疫区，国内感染病工作者仍有必要对其现状有所了解。本文针对球孢子菌病的流行现状及诊疗进展进行综述。

Coccidioidomycosis, an infection caused by Coccidioides spp., is traditionally recognized as an endemic fungal disease mainly restricted in part of North America. However, imported cases in non-endemic areas are increasingly reported, indicating a paradigm shift on the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis. The clinical manifestations of coccidioidomycosis vary significantly, ranging from mild self-limited upper respiratory infection to severe disseminated ones, leading a challenge for the diagnosis of the disease. Although China is not an endemic area of coccidioidomycosis, it is important for domestic healthcare providers to stay alert of the disease. This review aims to summarize the current advances in the epidemiology and clinical aspects of coccidioidomycosis.