自2015年初至今，寨卡病毒（Zika virus，ZIKV）以巴西为首先后在数十个国家和地区暴发流行。几乎同时，与日俱增的小头症患儿使全球对此陷入警惕状态。目前，全球正在积极探索ZIKV感染所能引发的各种神经系统疾病。在越来越多证据证明ZIKV能直接损害胚胎脑部发育的同时，ZIKV感染者的防治需求也越来越迫切。本文从ZIKV的流行病学、与小头畸形因果关系的研究进展及预防疫苗和治疗药物的研究现状等方面进行概述。

Since early 2015, Zika virus has caused severe epidemic outbreaks, which started from Brazil involving dozens of regions and countries successively, and contemporaneously growing infants with microcephaly have made the whole global alert against Zika virus. A variety of potential neurological disorders caused by Zika virus infection are under exploring worldwide. The need of treatments for infectors is more and more urgent because of increasing evidences indicating that Zika virus is able to impair the brain development of the embryo in cellular level and animal model. This review will summarize recent research achievements concerning epidemiology and advances among causal relationship with microcephaly, potential preventive vaccines and therapeutic drugs of Zika virus.