精准医疗概念的提出开启了一个医学新时代，且在世界范围内引起了一场科技竞争。精准医疗的实质包括精准诊断和精准治疗，其具体内容，结合各国实际情况各不相同。对中国而言，慢性传染病特别是结核病造成了严重疾病负担，应作为重点研究对象，实际上该领域中各种形式的精准医疗已然展开。精准医疗作为一种新的理念，贯穿于结核病的研究和治疗中，势必对人类结束结核病的肆虐和消除结核病作出重大贡献。

The new conception “precision medicine” has started a new era of medical practice and initiated a worldwide battle for new technologies. It essentially includes precision diagnosis and precision treatment. Its implementation in individual region may have its own uniqueness based upon the national conditions. In China, chronic infectious diseases especially tuberculosis have given rise to great burden on public health, which should be put more focus on. In fact, many modalities of precision medicine have been applied in the field of tuberculosis. Application of the concept of precision medicine throughout the study and treatment of tuberculosis will certainly contribute to the control of tuberculosis in China.