结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)是引起结核病的病原菌。其处于持续生存的休眠状态时，可导致长期无症状感染，称为结核潜伏感染。研究显示，结核分枝杆菌染色体中存在大量 “毒素-抗毒素系统”(toxin-antitoxin system，TAS)，某些TAS在潜伏感染中发挥作用，可调节细菌生长和诱导细菌进入休眠状态；某些TAS参与生物膜形成和应激反应，但其影响生物膜形成的机制尚未阐明。生物膜中的结核分枝杆菌对多种抗结核药物耐药，且能抵抗宿主免疫系统防御；休眠状态的结核分枝杆菌对抗结核药物通常也是耐受的，给结核病治疗带来了巨大挑战。本文就近年来结核分枝杆菌TAS与生物膜的研究及抗结核药物对生物膜形成的影响进行综述。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is causative pathogen of tuberculosis, and could induce long-term asymptomatic infection, known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), in which the bacteria are thought to persist in a dormant state. It is reported that there are pairs of toxin-antitoxin systems (TASs) in chromosomes of M. tuberculosis. Some TASs play roles in the latent infection because they could not only regulate the bacterial growth, but also induce the bacteria to enter dormant state. Some TASs are suggested to be involved in the biofilm formation and stress reaction, but how they regulate biofilm formation has not yet been elucidated. M. tuberculosis in biofilm is resistant to many drugs and host immune protections. M. tuberculosis in dormant state is usually multidrug-resistant. These issues bring challenges for the treatment of tuberculosis. This review focuses on the research progress on TAS and biofilm formation of M. tuberculosis, as well as the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on biofilm formation.