在抗感染免疫过程中，中性粒细胞可通过释放中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular trap，NET)捕获并杀伤病原体。NET是一把“双刃剑”，一方面可维持机体稳态，另一方面NET过量或清除不及时会导致一些疾病的发生。细菌诱导和抵御NET的机制不尽相同，本文就NET的生成和释放及其在细菌感染过程中的作用进行综述。

Neutrophils can capture and kill pathogens by releasing neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) during anti-infection immunity. NET is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can maintain the homeostasis of the body; on the other hand, excessive NET or delayed removal may lead to the occurrence of some diseases. The mechanisms by which bacteria induce and resist NET are different. This article reviews the formation and release of NET and their roles in bacterial infection.