目的 分析2022—2024年唐山市地区儿童非伤寒沙门菌（NTS）感染的血清型分布与耐药性。方法 选取本院2022年1月~2024年12月确诊的235例NTS感染患儿为研究对象，统计患儿基本特征，并对培养出的NTS进行血清分型及药敏试验，分析不同年份检出NTS的耐药情况。结果 2022年、2023年和2024年唐山市地区分别检出79例、84例和72例NTS感染患儿，男性及女性患儿占比无差异（P＞0.05）。235例NTS感染患儿中，年龄＜1岁的患儿占比最多（45.53%），年龄1~2岁（不包含2岁）患儿占比为29.79%。2022—2024年唐山市地区儿童在夏季时NTS感染率最高，冬季感染率最低。血清型检测结果显示，235例NTS感染患儿共检出17种血清型，51.91%为鼠伤寒沙门菌，15.32%为肠炎沙门菌。药敏试验结果显示，235个NTS菌株对氨苄西林的耐药率最高（平均77.02%），对复方新诺明的耐药率比较高（平均48.09%），对头孢曲松（平均16.60%）和头孢他啶（平均22.55%）等抗菌药物的耐药率均比较低；鼠伤寒沙门菌与肠炎沙门菌对氨苄西林等8种抗菌药物的耐药率均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论 唐山市地区NTS感染患儿的血清型以鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌为主，NTS菌株对氨苄西林和复方新诺明的耐药率较高，临床上应结合NTS感染患儿的血清型和耐药性合理选择抗菌药物，避免抗菌药物滥用。
Abstract
Objective To discuss the serotype distribution and drug resistance of nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) infection in children in Tangshan City from 2022 to 2024. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2024, 235 children diagnosed with NTS infection in our hospital were served as subjects. The basic characteristics of the children were statistically explored, and the cultured NTS were subjected to serotype and drug sensitivity tests to analyze the drug resistance of NTS detected in different years. Results In 2022, 2023, and 2024, 79, 84, and 72 cases of NTS infection were detected in the Tangshan area, respectively, with no conspicuous difference in the proportions of male and female cases (P>0.05). Among 235 children with NTS infection, those < 1 year old accounted for the highest proportion (45.53%), while those aged 1-2 years (excluding 2 years) accounted for 29.79%. From 2022 to 2024, the NTS infection rate among children in the Tangshan area was highest in summer and lowest in winter. The serotype test showed that a total of 17 serotypes were detected in 235 children with NTS infection, of which 51.91% were Salmonella typhimurium and 15.32% were Salmonella enteritis. The drug sensitivity test revealed that 235 NTS strains had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin (average value was 77.02%), a relatively high resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole (average value was 48.09%), and a relatively low resistance rate to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone (average value was 16.60%) and ceftazidime (average value was 22.55%). There was no conspicuous difference (P>0.05) in the resistance rates of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritis to eight antibiotics, including ampicillin. Conclusion: The serotypes of NTS infected children in Tangshan city are mainly Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritis. NTS strains have a high resistance rate to ampicillin and compound sulfamethoxazole. In clinical practice, antibiotics should be selected reasonably based on the serotype and resistance of NTS infected children to avoid overuse of antibiotics.
关键词
非伤寒沙门菌感染 /
儿童 /
血清型 /
耐药性
Key words
Nontyphoidal salmonellosis infection /
Children /
Serotypes /
Drug resistance
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