【摘要】目的：通过高通量培养及高通量测序检测健康女性及细菌性阴道病患者阴道菌群组成情况，比较两种方法的检测结果差异，为培养组学在阴道微生态研究和临床疾病诊治中的作用提供证据。方法：收集健康女性和细菌性阴道病女性的阴道分泌物各10例，采用7种不同的培养基组合对阴道分泌物进行高通量培养后使用Clin-ToF飞行时间质谱进行鉴定；同时对所有样本直接进行16S rRNA V1V2可变域进行高通量测序。结果：1. 运用培养组学对20例阴道分泌物样本培养后鉴定到35个菌属，在种水平有98个菌种，在所有样本中均培养出了乳杆菌，共17种，其中9种在两组中均有检出。在健康组中检出数前三的为卷曲乳杆菌、詹氏乳杆菌和惰性乳杆菌。在5例样本中同时培养出了卷曲乳杆菌和詹氏乳杆菌；在BV组中检出数前三的为懒惰乳杆菌、詹氏乳杆菌和鹦鹉乳杆菌；2. 运用 16S rRNA 基因 V1V2 域对上述 20例阴道微生物样本同时进行高通量测序，所有样本中共检出 18个属，其中乳杆菌属在所有样本中都能检测到，且在12个样本中乳杆菌属的相对丰度超过 50%。3. 20例阴道微生物样本中经培养组和高通量测序共同鉴定属仅有9个。结论：通过高通量培养组学方法和高通量测序法同时对所有样本的阴道微生物群进行检测，结果差异较大，高通量培养具有更高的菌属及菌种检出率，且高通量培养可培养出高通量测序含量较低或无法测出的乳杆菌。因此使用高通量培养组在细菌性阴道病的诊治及阴道微生态研究中将具有更高应用价值。

【Abstract】 Objective: By using high-throughput culture and high-throughput sequencing to detect the composition of vaginal microbiota in healthy women and patients with bacterial vaginosis, compare the differences in detection results between the two methods to provide evidence for the role of culturomics in vaginal microecology research and clinical disease diagnosis and treatment. Method: Collect vaginal secretions from 10 healthy women and 10 women with bacterial vaginosis, and use 7 different culture media for high-throughput culture of vaginal secretions. Use Clin-ToF time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identification. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V1V2 variable domain was performed directly on all samples. Result: 1. After culturing 20 vaginal secretion samples using culture omics, 35 bacterial genera were identified, with 98 bacterial species at the species level. A total of 17 Lactobacilli were cultured in all samples, of which 9 were detected in both groups. The top three detected strains in the healthy group were Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus iners. And in the 5 samples, both Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus jensenii were cultured simultaneously. The top three detected in the BV group were Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus psittaci. 2. Using the V1V2 domain of the 16S rRNA gene, high-throughput sequencing was performed on the 20 vaginal microbial samples mentioned above, a total of 18 genera were detected in all samples, of which Lactobacillus genus was detectable in all samples, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus exceeded 50% in 12 samples. 3. Among the 20 vaginal microbiota samples, only 9 bacterial genera were identified simultaneously through culture and high-throughput sequencing. Conclusion: By using high-throughput culturomics and high-throughput sequencing methods to simultaneously detect the vaginal microbiota of all samples, the results showed significant differences. High throughput culture has a higher detection rate of bacterial genera and species, and can cultivate lactobacilli with low or undetectable high-throughput sequencing content. Therefore, the use of high-throughput culture groups will have higher application value in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis and the study of vaginal microbiota.