中性粒细胞在虫媒病毒感染中的作用

韩舒婷 薛飞飏 安静 盛子洋

微生物与感染 ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3) : 173-181.

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微生物与感染 ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3) : 173-181.
综述

中性粒细胞在虫媒病毒感染中的作用

  • 韩舒婷1,薛飞飏1,安静2,盛子洋1
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The role of neutrophils in arbovirus infections

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摘要

虫媒病毒以吸血节肢动物为传播媒介,通过昆虫叮咬感染脊椎动物。其在全球的广泛流行与新发再发威胁着人类的生命健康。然而,目前其致病机制尚未完全阐明。中性粒细胞作为体内数量最多的白细胞,可在病原体入侵机体后最先到达感染部位,通过多种抗感染机制发挥免疫应答的作用,包括吞噬病原体、产生细胞因子和抗菌物质、呼吸爆发、分泌NETs等,是机体抵御病原微生物的重要成员。但值得注意的是,中性粒细胞的过度激活也可能导致强烈的炎症反应,不仅无法有效控制感染,反而会对宿主组织造成损伤,进一步加重感染的严重程度。既往对中性粒细胞作用的认知大多局限于对抗细菌和真菌感染。但直到近些年来,其在抗病毒方面所发挥的作用才逐渐被人们所揭示和重视。故其在控制虫媒病毒感染中的作用及机制也尚不明确。在此本文主要就中性粒细胞在虫媒病毒感染中所发挥的作用及可能对宿主产生的影响予以概述。

Abstract

Arboviruses are transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods and infect vertebrates through insect bites. Its global prevalence and recurrence threaten human life and health. However, the pathogenic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Neutrophils, as the most numerous leukocytes in the body, are the first to arrive at the site of infection after pathogen invasion, and play a role in the immune response through a variety of anti-infective mechanisms, including phagocytosis of pathogens, production of cytokines and antimicrobial substances, respiratory outbreaks, and secretion of NETs, which is an important member of the body's defence against pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is worth noting that excessive activation of neutrophils may also lead to a strong inflammatory response, which not only fails to control the infection effectively, but also causes damage to host tissues and further aggravates the severity of the infection. Previous knowledge of the role of neutrophils was mostly limited to fighting bacterial and fungal infections. However, it is only in recent years that their role in antivirus has been gradually revealed and valued. Therefore, its role and mechanism in controlling arboviral infections are not yet clear. In this paper, we present an overview of the role of neutrophils in arboviral infections and their possible effects on the host.

关键词

中性粒细胞 / 虫媒病毒 / 感染 / 抗病毒作用 / 致病机制

Key words

Neutrophil / Arbovirus / Infection / Antiviral effect / Pathogenesis

引用本文

导出引用
韩舒婷 薛飞飏 安静 盛子洋. 中性粒细胞在虫媒病毒感染中的作用[J]. 微生物与感染. 2025, 20(3): 173-181
The role of neutrophils in arbovirus infections[J]. Journal of Microbes and Infections. 2025, 20(3): 173-181
中图分类号: R373   

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