本研究旨在探讨常见消毒剂对环境中平滑及多孔表面上常见病原菌的消毒杀菌效果，为在环境中阻断病原菌传播路径，制定切实有效的消毒技术路径提供依据。本试验采用悬液定量杀菌实验法，检测75%乙醇、1%过氧化氢和500 mg/L含氯消毒剂在平滑及多孔表面等不同场景中对实验室环境常见菌(大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)的杀灭效果。在光滑场景中，1%过氧化氢消毒剂的消毒效果明显优于75%乙醇及含氯消毒剂，作用时间1～5 min时，其杀灭对数值均大于5，达到消毒合格要求。而在多孔表面上，含氯消毒剂的作用时间为1～5 min时，其针对不同病原菌均表现出较高的杀灭对数值(≥4)。现场实验也发现，含氯消毒剂的消毒效果优于1%过氧化氢及75%乙醇。含氯消毒剂的消毒效果较好，且起效较快，适用于在多种场景下对不同表面结构进行快速消毒，但其对环境不够友好。故在选择快速消毒剂时，须根据其对环境的有害程度等因素进行综合评判。

This study aims to investigate the disinfection and sterilization effects of common disinfectants on common pathogens on smooth and porous surfaces in the environment, providing a basis for blocking the transmission routes of pathogens in the environment and formulating practical and effective disinfection technology pathways. In this experiment, the suspension quantitative sterilization method was used to detect the sterilization effects of 75% ethanol, 1% hydrogen peroxide, and 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant on common laboratory environmental bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) in different scenarios such as smooth and porous surfaces. In smooth scenarios, 1% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant showed significantly better disinfection effects than 75% ethanol and chlorine-containing disinfectant. When the action time was 1～5 minutes, its logarithmic reduction value was greater than 5, meeting the disinfection qualification requirements. On porous surfaces, when the action time of chlorine-containing disinfectant was 1～5 minutes, it showed high logarithmic reduction values (≥4) against different pathogens. Field experiments also found that the disinfection effect of chlorine-containing disinfectant was better than that of 1% hydrogen peroxide and 75% ethanol. Chlorine-containing disinfectant has a good disinfection effect and acts quickly, making it suitable for rapid disinfection of different surface structures in various scenarios. However, it is not environmentally friendly. When choosing a rapid disinfectant, a comprehensive assessment must be made based on its harmfulness to the environment, among other factors.