本文通过收集2019年1月—2023年6月新昌县中医院血培养样本，统计分析血培养阳性样本的病原菌种类及其体外药物敏感试验结果，旨在为临床血流感染诊断及治疗提供依据。本研究共收集1 692例血培养阳性标本，主要来自重症监护室。检出病原菌包括需氧菌1 637株(96.74%)、厌氧菌19株(1.12%)、真菌36株(2.13%)；其中，革兰氏阴性菌(36.63%)主要为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌；革兰氏阳性菌(63.12%)主要为人葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示，大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对氨曲南的耐药率高于70%，对头孢类药物的敏感率为70%以上；表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和人葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药率70%以上，对利奈唑胺、替加环素等抗菌药物较为敏感(敏感率高于90%)。本研究结果表明，血培养阳性样本主要来自免疫力低下患者病区，病原菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、人葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌为主。这些病原菌对部分抗菌药物的敏感性较高，但随着抗生素在治疗中的应用，耐药性可能发生变迁。因此，临床应加强血流感染病原菌检测以及药物敏感性检测，为血流感染的诊断以及治疗提供依据。

This study aimed to analyze the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infections in patients hospitalized in Xinchang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, providing a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical bloodstream infections. All blood culture samples from Xinchang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected from January 2019 to June 2023, and the pathogen species and drug sensitivity in vitro were analyzed statistically. A total of 1692 positive blood culture samples were obtained, primarily from the intensive care unit (ICU). The pathogens detected included 1637 aerobic (96.74%), 19 anaerobic (1.12%) and 36 fungal (2.13%) strains. The gram-negative bacteria (36.63%) were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, and the gram-positive bacteria (63.12%) were mainly Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Drug sensitivity results indicated that Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited resistance rates exceeding 70% to aztreonam but sensitivity rates exceeding 70% to cephalosporins. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis showed resistance rates exceeding 70% to penicillin, but high sensitivity (greater than 90%) to antimicrobial agents such as linezolid and tigecycline. The positive blood culture samples are predominantly from wards housing immunocompromised patients. The primary pathogenic bacteria identified were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, which are sensitive to some antibacterial drugs. However, the widespread use of antibiotics in treatment may lead to changes in drug resistance patterns. Therefore, clinical practices should emphasize the detection of pathogenic bacteria and their drug susceptibility profiles to guide the diagnosis and treatment of bloodstream infections.