甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus，IAV)是每年季节性流感的主要病原体，也是全球儿童急性呼吸道感染的重要病毒性病原。非结构蛋白1(nonstructural protein 1，NS1)是由病毒基因组编码的蛋白，表达于被感染的细胞中，但不存在于病毒颗粒中。近年来，大量研究表明NS1是IAV的重要毒力因素，通过NS1-RNA之间、NS1-蛋白之间的相互作用，在拮抗宿主抗病毒反应、抑制宿主细胞凋亡、调节宿主及自身基因表达等多方面发挥作用。深入研究NS1与宿主细胞的相互作用，不仅可加深对IAV致病机制的理解，还可为预防和控制IAV的传播甚至暴发奠定理论基础，在新型抗病毒药物及疫苗研制中有着重要的应用价值。

Influenza A virus (IAV) is the dominant type of seasonal influenza and is also an important viral agent of acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a protein encoded by viral genome, expressed in the infected cells but not in virions. In recent years, large number of studies have shown that NS1 is an important virulence factor of IAV. NS1 plays multiple roles in antagonizing host antiviral response, inhibiting host cell apoptosis, and modifying host and itself gene expression via NS1-RNA and NS1-protein binding. In-depth study on interaction between NS1 and host cells can not only deepen the comprehending of the pathogenesis of IAV, but also lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of IAV. It also has important application value in the development of new antiviral drugs and vaccines.