丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus，HCV)感染是危害全球健康的严重问题。干扰素(interferon，IFN)治疗是HCV感染的传统疗法，主要通过Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子(Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription，JAK/STAT)信号通路发挥抗病毒作用，而细胞因子信号转导抑制蛋白3(suppressor of cytokine signaling 3，SOCS3)是这一通路的重要负性调节因子之一。SOCS3的表达水平与宿主IFN抵抗密切相关，HCV感染及IFN治疗可改变宿主微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)表达水平，靶向SOCS3的miRNA可通过调节SOCS3表达参与宿主抗HCV复制。

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has become a serious global public health problem. Interferon (IFN) therapy is the traditional anti-HCV method, playing antiviral role through Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is one of the important negative regulatory factors in this pathway. The expression level of SOCS3 is closely related with host IFN resistance. HCV infection and IFN therapy can change the expression level of host microRNA, and microRNA targeting SOCS3 can participate in host anti-HCV replication by regulating SOCS3 expression level.