鼠疫是由鼠疫耶尔森菌(Yersinia pestis，Y. pestis)感染引起的一种人畜共患病。鼠疫在世界范围内出现过3次大流行，均引起致命的瘟疫。由于自然疫源面积不断扩大和人口流动愈加频繁，我国的鼠疫防治形势依旧严峻。本文就鼠疫耶尔森菌的毒力因子、对宿主细胞的黏附和侵袭、胞内繁殖、宿主内播散等机制的研究进展进行总结，有助于揭示鼠疫独特的致病和传播机制，为精准防治鼠疫提供工作基础。

The plague is a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis). This bacterium Y. pestis has caused three deadly pandemic plague worldwide. Considering of expanding natural foci and frequent population turnover, prevention and control of plague is still grim. In this review, we mainly summarize the research progress on the virulence factors of Y. pestis, the mechanism of invasion, the intracellular replication and the dissemination mechanism in the host.