随着新一代测序技术的发展，肠道菌群成为生物学研究领域的一大热点，特别是肠道菌群与人体各种疾病之间的关系受到广泛关注。目前已有研究发现结核分枝杆菌感染会引起肠道菌群改变，而肠道菌群失调也会增加机体对结核分枝杆菌的易感性，两者通过机体免疫反应、菌群代谢产物等因素相互影响。本文就肠道菌群与结核病的关系、肠道菌群与结核病相互影响的可能机制、抗结核治疗对肠道菌群的影响等方面的相关研究进行综述。

In recent years, with the development of next-generation sequencing technology, gut microbiome has become a hot spot in the field of biological research. The relationship between gut microbiome and various diseases has got widespread attention. It has been found that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes changes of the gut microbiome. At the same time, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome also increases the susceptibility to tuberculosis. Immune response is an important factor affected by metabolic products produced by gut microbiome. This article reviews studies on the relationship between tuberculosis and gut microbiome, the possible mechanism of the interaction between them, and the impact of antituberculosis treatment on gut microbiome.