快速、准确鉴定出病原体是临床感染性疾病诊断和传染病预防控制的基础。高通量测序基因检测技术突破了传统检测手段的时效性、灵敏度等的局限，为病原体检测和研究提供了便捷、高效的途径。本综述以高通量测序技术发展过程为基础，回顾纳米孔三代测序技术，及其在病毒性传染病检测鉴定及研究中的应用，并对该技术的应用前景及可能存在的问题进行阐述，期望它能在病毒性传染病的防控方面发挥更大的作用。

Rapid identification of pathogens is the basis for clinic diagnose and infectious disease prevention and control. High throughput sequencing technology breaks through the limitation of traditional detection methods, such as timeliness and sensitivity, providing an efficient way for clinical detection and research. In this review, the development of high throughput sequencing technology was discussed, mainly by introducing the three-generation nanopore sequencing technology. At the same time, the application of nanopore sequencing technology about the detection and study in viral infectious diseases were reviewed, and the application prospects and possible problems are prospected.